Genetics

1) Crossing over occurs frequently during which stage of meiosis?

1. Prophase I
2. Metaphase I
3. Prophase II
4. Metaphase II

2) A genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin and clumping of red blood cells is

1. Hemophilia
2. Tay-Sach's disease
3. Down's syndrome
4. Sickle-cell anemia

3) When DNA "unzip" during gene expression it makes a complementary copy of itself, which is called

1. Complementary DNA
2. Messenger DNA
3. Transfer RNA
4. Messenger RNA

4) Analysis of DNA from a frog and a bacterium would reveal that

1. frog DNA is single stranded, but bacterial DNA is double stranded
2. frog DNA contains thymine, but bacterial DNA contains uracil
3. DNA from both organisms is composed of repeating nucleotide units
4. DNA from both organisms contains the sugar ribose

5) What will most likely happen if a population is large and no migration, mutation, or environmental change occurs?

1. Natural selection will increase
2. Nonrandom mating will start to occur
3. The rate of evolution will increase
4. Gene frequencies will remain constant

6) The technique known as karyotyping is used to detect abnormalities in

1. chromosomes
2. ribosomes
3. blood and urine
4. amniotic fluid

7) The Hardy-Weinberg principle would most likely be used in a study of

1. ecological succession
2. population genetics
3. endocrine regulation
4. embryological development

8) Sometimes a section of a chromosome is lost during meiosis. This loss results in a change of genetic material known as

1. a deletion
2. replication
3. crossing over
4. polyploidy

9) Which process can produce a large group of organisms with identical genotypes?

1. cloning
2. sexual reproduction
3. meiosis
4. external fertilization

10) The structure of messenger RNA is determined by the structure of

1. PGAL
2. ATP
3. DNA
4. ADP