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1. The correct answer is (B)

The subject of the sentence is Mary Cassatt. The noun phrase "an American painter strongly influenced by French impressionism" is an appositive. The pronoun, "she" is therefore an extra subject, completely superfluous in (A) and (D). (B) correctly omits this pronoun. (C) and (E) also omit the pronoun, but they change the present-tense verb into a present participle, which can't act as a verb all by itself.

2. The correct answer is (D).

The original sentence turns the whole first part of the sentence into an elliptical clause. It's awkward, and the chronology becomes muddled. (B), (C), and (E) all start the same, but then diverge after "anthropologist." (B) implies that Dunham's development of a distinctive dance method was part of her training as an anthropologist, but that's not very likely. (C) links so many ideas that it's hard to tell what goes with what. (E) totally muddies the chronological and other links among various parts of the sentence.

3. The correct answer is (E).

Items in a list joined by "and" or "or" should be grammatically parallel. This sentence lists two noun phrases and an independent clause. (E) provides a third noun phrase.

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